SIS block copolymer

by R.J. Spontack and R. Thomann

Meeting Symposia
Categories for Scientific Papers and Symposia
Documented below are the Planned Symposia for the 2005 meeting. These events are held in the Hawaii Convention Center

The scientific program for Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 will consist of several parts as listed below. These include: The Premeeting Symposium, Sunday Short Courses , Special Events, Symposia, Contributed Sessions, and Tutorials. The Symposia will consist of a mixture of invited and contributed talks plus a poster session. Contributed sessions will also consist of mixtures of talks and posters as warranted by the submitted papers.

When submitting your extended abstract to Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005, authors of invited talks and tutorials should select only the number corresponding to that session. Authors of contributed papers should select both a first and second choice (from either the symposia or contributed sessions). The Program Committee will use this information to arrange presentations into coherent sessions. Inclusion into a specific session cannot be guaranteed, but every effort will be made to place your contribution into the most appropriate session.

The deadline for receipt of all papers is February 15, 2005.

Biological Sciences
1. Stem Cells Revealed: Identification, Tracking, and Tagging In Vivo
Organizer: Mark Sussman
Controversies continue to rage around the origin, phenotypic characteristics, identification, and migration of stem cells in the body. Not just for hematopoesis anymore, stem cells and progenitor populations have been discovered in many tissues thought to be postmitotic and incapable of selfrenewal. Pinning down the specifics of these cell populations rests upon a variety of cutting edge microscopic techniques that will provide essential knowledge for therapeutic uses of stem cell populations. The focus of this session will be on recent advances in our understanding of how stem cells can be found through imaging techniques and the information that can be gleaned from these approaches to further the theory and application of stem cell biology in research laboratory and clinical settings
2. Reproduction and Development
Organizers: Peter Smith and Heide Schatten
Various forms of microscopy have played significant roles in the study of reproduction and development including studies of primordial germ cells, a small population of cells that differentiate into gametes of either sex and carry totipotency, an ability to develop into an entire new organism. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and live imaging video microscopy have contributed a wealth of information on sperm and egg cells, motility, fertilization, nuclear development, nuclear cloning, and molecular imaging of specific regulatory events. The identification and discovery of embryonic and adult stem cells in tissue that has previously been thought to be nonrenewable has changed the way we look at reproductive tissue, especially in the ovary where the long held dogma of ovaries beginning post embryonic life with a finite number of eggs is now being challenged. This symposium will highlight recent advances in the study of reproduction and development that were possible to achieve by using cell and molecular techniques and imaging of live and fixed cells and tissues. Invited speakers will include current leaders in reproduction and development, as well as investigators with novel applications and challenging ideas. Meeting attendees are strongly encouraged to contribute papers for platform and poster presentation on various aspects of reproduction and development.
3. Modes of Cell-Cell and Cell-ECM Communication
Organizers: Andrew McCulloch and Thomas Borg
The purpose of this session will be to examine the dynamic interaction between both cellcell and cellextracellular matrix communications. Emphasis will be placed on the role of various receptors such as cadherins, integrins, discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), connexins and other components to signal changes in cellular functions such as apoptosis, anoikis, cell proliferation, mechanotransduction, and adhesion. The relationship of these various receptors to signaling molecules emphasizing outsidein or insideout signaling will be examined in cell culture models and tissue preparations. Contributed papers examining the role of signaling events that function in various forms of cell communication are welcome.
4. Microbiology, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Organizers: Sara Miller and Alex Hyatt
During the past decade many new diseases have emerged from the environment and into society where there have been impacts on human health, veterinary health, trade, and the 'health' of the environment. Microscopy plays an important role in facilitating the identification and characterization of these pathogens, in addition to providing a powerful research and diagnostic tool for investigating the ultrastructure and morphogenesis of infectious agents and describing the pathology of disease. Invited contributions will cover the use of specific instrumentation and/or correlative instrumentation and techniques such as immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, to describe advances in the field of diagnostic microbiology, pathogenesis and pathology. Conference delegates are encouraged to contribute to both platform and poster presentations to supplement the invited talks in the session.
5. Cell Pathology
Organizers: Mary Ng Mah Lee and Jay Jerome
Alterations in cell function are at the core of pathologic processes. These alterations include such diverse things as impairment of DNA repair, disregulation of signaling pathways, imbalances in control mechanisms, mutations in critical enzymes, and failure of normal responses to stimuli. This symposium will highlight the role of microscopy and other imaging modalities in identifying and understanding cellular dysfunction as a contributor to disease. By necessity, some of these investigations will also highlight normal cell processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and secretion as they relate to control or exacerbation of disease states. Contribution of papers that investigate any aspect of cell function relative to pathology are encouraged for this session.
6. Cryo-EM of Molecular Assemblies
Organizer: Dganit Danino
The symposium will focus on cryoelectron microscopy investigations exploring the dynamics, morphology and structure of selfassembling complexes. We will emphasize studies on structurefunction relationship of cellular components such as lipids, DNA, proteins, and other biopolymers, as well as studies with selfassociating amphiphiles such as surfactants and blockcopolymers. Basic and applicative studies related to pharmaceutics, drugdelivery and gene therapy, cosmetics, food and detergency are also welcomed. Contributed papers are welcome and will be incorporated into the session as platform and poster presentations.
7. From the Static to the Dynamic: Correlative and High Resolution Biological Imaging and Labeling
Organizers: Ed Rosa-Molinar and Ralph Albrecht
Until recently the molecular and cellular interactions that underlie essential functions within cells and tissues could only be inferred from fixed specimens. Now, however, with the aid of probes that label intracellular structures and new imaging modes such as multiphoton microscopy, biologists can observe directly changes in form and function in living cells and tissues. Probes permit the spatial visualization of expressed gene products in a cell or tissue and the dynamic movements of intracellular organelles. Newly developed probes also permit observation and colocalization of multiple molecular species, first with photon based imaging and subsequently, at higher spatial resolution, with electron based imaging technology. The symposium will highlight recent developments and advances in the development of probes for highresolution static and intravital correlative microscopy and imaging. Lectures and poster presentations will demonstrate how new imaging tools can be applied to solve a variety of biological problems ranging from those related to the study of protein structure to those associated with elucidating cellular and structural organization and dynamics. Topics covered include: second harmonic imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, speckle microscopy, fluorescent dye development and labeling, nanocrystal development and labeling, FESEM, TEM, and EFTEM, small molecule reporters, and in vivo multiphoton microscopy. In addition, interactive workshops will focus on automated image analysis and software for biological visualization.
8. Advances in Structural Analysis of Plant Cell Function
Organizer: David Christopher
Advances in the ultrastructural analysis of plant cells have occurred in both 2 and 3dimensions due to innovations in microscopy, cell preservation and the range of novel affinity labels available. This session will explore the current applications of light and electron microscopy in the field of plant biology. Emphasis is placed on selected 3D fine structure of plant cells, biogenesis of cell walls, the protein secretory apparatus, floral and pollen development, and plant response to gravity. Papers and posters covering any aspect of plant biology are welcome.
Physical Sciences Symposia
9. Quantitative X-ray Microanalysis
Organizers: Paul Carpenter, Greg Meeker, and Raynald Gauvin
This symposium will present research in quantitative microanalysis on geological, materials, metallurgical, ceramic, and biological samples using Xray microanalysis techniques, including the SEM, electron microprobe, TEM, and ion microprobe instrumentation suites. It will emphasize research on fundamental parameters measurement, correction procedure algorithms and software, Monte Carlo methods, spectrum generation, processing and modeling, compositional mapping, and precision and accuracy issues relating to microanalysis problems. We will also discuss challenges presented by analysis of insulating materials, rough surfaces, low energy Xrays, and variable pressure environments. Contributions are encouraged from researchers active in any of these areas.
10. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis the Next 35 Years: A Symposium Celebrating Joe Goldstein's 65th Birthday
Organizer: Dave Williams
Thirtyfive years ago, in 1970, Joe Goldstein organized the first Lehigh Short Course on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Xray Microanalysis. Since then, the Lehigh Microscopy School has educated > 5000 microscopists and microanalysts and given birth to a library of related textbooks, of which the one with the same title as this symposium has sold > 50,000 copies worldwide. Thus, Joe Goldstein has, in many ways, defined the course of practical SEM and Xray microanalysis for several decades. This symposium, with invited lectures from many of the >30 internationally renowned lecturers in the Lehigh School and many of Joe's former students, will highlight current and future aspects of the practical application of SEM and Xray microanalysis to current problems and speculate on where the field is going over the next 35 years. Contributed papers to this exciting symposium are also welcome and will be used to complement the invited speakers as platform and poster presentations.
11. Microanalysis of Extraterrestrial Materials: New Techniques and Applications
Organizers: Klaus Keil, Lindsay Keller, and Scott Messenger
NASA's Stardust mission collected dust from a comet and will return the samples to Earth in 2006. These samples, along with others to be returned by future missions, are driving the development of new instruments and techniques for their analysis. There is an emerging analytical philosophy towards coordinated analyses of the same samples using complementary techniques to maximize the science return with the highest possible precision and spatial resolution. This session will focus on the cutting edge developments in microbeam instruments and techniques for the analysis of extraterrestrial materials. Meeting attendees are urged to contribute both platform and poster presentations to supplement the invited talks in the session.
12. Nanoscale Engineering and Analysis of Self Assembled and BioMaterials
Organizers: Nestor J. Zaluzec and C. Barry Carter
The production of nanoscale materials has been a staple of the scientific community for decades, but in recent years our ability to engineer inorganic materials so that they form ordered arrays has become increasingly important particularly in the development of innovative types of electronic, magnetic and photonic devices. In the past, lithographic technologies have been used to build these devices 'manually.' However, today, arrays are being produced by such diverse procedures such as genetic engineering of proteins and the use of naturally occurring selfassembly processes. Once built, we must characterize these structures and study their properties. Thus, in this symposium we will concentrate on two broad areas. First, we'll examine the characterization methodologies (morphology, crystallography, elemental, chemical and electronic) that are needed to assess these materials. While this would seem a simple extension of microscopy and microanalysis techniques, the fact that we are in many cases linking the physical and life sciences requires the microanalyst to understand the diverse requirements for EM of biomaterials. Secondly, we will examine how the development of these novel materials opens new challenges in quantum structures and devices; the properties of these new materials are still to be discovered so we will also explore the range of opportunities that they provide.
13. High-Resolution STEM Analysis of Functional NanoMaterials
Organizers: Robert F. Klie, James P. Buban, and Klaus van Benthem
The remarkable change in properties of a material when structured on the nanoscale is driving the development in materials science we are experiencing today. The impact of nanoscience discoveries will depend on our ability to link insights across multiple length and complexity scales. As such, analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques, such as EELS, EDS, brightfield or Zcontrast imaging and tomography play particularly important roles. The linking from atomic interactions to nanostructures to functional systems is a challenge of the first order, both scientifically and technologically. Recent developments in TEM instrumentations, such as Cscorrectors and electrongun monochromators now provide us with the necessary spatial and/or energy resolution to study these nanoscale materials at the truly atomic level, approaching single atom sensitivity. This symposium will emphasize the latest developments in STEM instrumentation as well as experimental and theoretical studies of nanoscale materials using highresolution EDS, and brightfield and darkfield imaging techniques, with particular focus on the combination of highspatial and highenergyresolution EELS. The forum will provide an opportunity to discuss the advantages of using analytical highresolution STEM as a tool to study nanoscale effects in functional materials and nanostructures in comparison to other highresolution spectroscopic techniques and also highlight the difficulties and needs for future improvements. Improvements must be met with theoretical advancements of the physical understanding of EELS and we invite contributed papers concerning analysis and simulations of EELS data.
14. Advances in In-situ Electron Microscopy Technique and Applications
Organizers: Eric Stach and Frances Ross
Recent improvements in microscope capabilities, sample holder designs and electron detection systems have allowed dramatic advances in our ability to observe dynamic events in the electron microscope. This timely symposium will focus not only on technique development, but also on applications of in situ techniques to solving real world problems in materials science, nanotechnology and biology. Specific contributions are welcome in the areas of environmental cell, ultrahigh vacuum and wet cell transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy, as well as in catalysis, crystal growth and nanostructure formation, dynamics of dislocations and other defects, surface and interfacial reactions and phase transformations. We anticipate having invited talks focused on emerging developments in the field, including aberration correction, advanced spectroscopies, ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy as well as methods for improved electron detection.
15. Breakthrough Microscopy in Catalysis, Nanoparticles and Energy
Organizer: Pratibha L. Gai
Global challenges in the 21st century include environmentally clean catalysis, new energy sources for humanity and novel routes to nanomaterials to meet these challenges. This symposium will focus on the pivotal role of innovative microscopy and microanalysis methods to understand and develop materials and processes for catalysis and energy. The methods include: in situ dynamic environmental microscopy, high resolution and ultrahigh vacuum methods, aberrationcorrection, scanned probe microscopy, Z contrast/3D tomography imaging, spectroscopy, diffraction, data acquisition, holography and novel sample stages. The topics include: catalysts for environmental control, hydrocarbon oxidation, photo and bio catalysis, probing of surface reactions, electrocatalysts for advanced fuel cells, carbon nanostructures, new routes for hydrogen and methanol energy sources and polymers. Both platform and poster contributions are welcome from participants to supplement invited talks.
16. Failure Analysis and Prevention
Organizers: F.E. Schmidt and D. Dennies
Many metallographers and materials engineers become involved in failure analysis at some time in their career, often as a consultant after obtaining years of experience vitally necessary in this field. Unfortunately, structures do fail and components do break, despite the vast improvement in our ability to predict the location and magnitude of stresses, and our vast knowledge of fracture mechanics, corrosion and wear mechanisms. This symposium provides failure analysts with a forum to present results of their studies and to exchange ideas.
17. Quantitative Characterization, Simulation, and Representation of Microstructures
Organizers: Sidnei Paciornik and Arun Gokhale
It is the basic precept of materials science that processing governs microstructure, which in turn influences material properties and performance. Quantitative characterization and mathematical/digital representation of microstructural geometry are of considerable importance in understanding the relationships among materials processes, structure, properties, and performance. Recently, due to phenomenal increases in the availability of computational power, significant advances in the development of stereology, image analysis, serial sectioning, and 3D microstructure reconstruction techniques permit detailed unbiased quantification of threedimensional microstructural geometry. Further, there have been considerable advances in the computer simulation techniques for microstructures that are statistically similar to the corresponding real microstructures, which are useful in computational materials science. These advances address important issues related to materials processing as well as materials properties and performance. The objective of this symposium is to present recent developments in microstructure characterization, representation, and simulations. Presentations will include advances in stereology, digital image processing, efficient serial sectioning techniques, and reconstruction of threedimensional microstructures using metallographic and tomographic techniques, computer simulations of microstructures, and techniques for implementation of simulated/real microstructural images in the computational models of materials behavior.
18. Manipulation of Microstructure to Improve Properties and Performance
Organizers: Albert Kneissl and Juan Asensio-Lozano
This symposium gives materials people an opportunity to present work on a wide variety of topics in the area of physical and mechanical metallurgy, as well as processing, with the control of microstructure to enhance properties or behavior as the central theme. The topics include, but are not limited to, solidification, powder metallurgy, deformation processes, heat treatment, fabrication, coating and joining. Many new materials have been developed, and are under development, and new processes, such as frictionstir welding, provide the materials user with more ductile, tougher, stronger or lighter weight materials that may be more easily fabricated and will perform better in service.
Advances in Instrumentation and Techniques Symposia
19. Advances in Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry and Cytomics
Organizers: J. Paul Robinson and R.W. Smith
This symposium will cover advances in fluorescence, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, evanescent wave microscopy and the topic of cytomics. Studies that include comparative or correlative studies in fluorescence or use flow cytometry as a comparative method are encouraged. Structural aspects of cytoskeleton and cell membrane studies, exocytosis and endocytosis are appropriate for this session. Projects that use flow cytometry, multispectral comparison or multiparameter evaluation of protein or antibody expression are requested. Reports on fluorescent antibodies, efficacy, conflicts, PMT sensitivity, fluorescent proteins (GFP, YFP etc.) are also welcome in this symposium.
20. Green Fluorescent Protein and its Relatives
Organizer: Guy Cox and Mark Rizzo
The world of expressible fluorescent proteins has expanded from the simple (but incredibly useful) protein of Aequoria victoria to a large library of natural and modified fluorescent proteins covering most of the visible spectrum. Most recently the field has grown further with the discovery of proteins such as 'Kaede' and 'Kindling' whose properties can be modified by light, providing a better solution than FRAP for tracking molecular turnover and migration. Invited speakers will present papers on both novel developments in FPs and their practical use in microscopy of biological systems, and papers or posters covering any aspect of expressible fluorescent proteins are welcome from meeting attendees.
21. Fluorescence (Foerster) Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy
Organizers: Brian Herman and Krishnan Ramanujan
Fluorescence (Foerster) Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) holds a unique niche in modern fluorescence microscopy since it provides the means by which one can probe inter and intra molecular interactions in the 110 nm range. For a biologist, this implies that it is possible to extend light microscopy from being a mere visualization tool to a precise quantitative tool while addressing the various issues of macromolecular interactions on a molecular level. This session will provide information about the different FRET approaches and applications in cell biology.
22. Advances in Ultrastructural Studies at Low Temperatures for Cryo TEM and SEM
Organizers: Alasdair McDowall and Alok Mitra
On the 25th anniversary of Dubochet and McDowall's vitrification of water for electron microscopy much has been achieved in the investigation at low temperatures of biological structures and much remains to be seen. The goals of the session are to highlight the recent advances in biological structural studies in cryo TEM including single particle studies, electron crystallography, electron tomography and biostudies in cryo SEM. The session is supported by an excellent cohort of invited speakers and attendees are urged to contribute both platform and poster presentations to supplement these invited talks.
23. Tomography in Biological and Materials Sciences
Organizers: Mike Marko and Kenji Kaneko
Electron tomography continues to experience rapid growth, and new applications bring new challenges and innovations. In materials science, the resolution has been pushed to one nanometer, while in biology steady progress is being made in tomography of frozenhydrated specimens. Electron tomography is now being used for 3D compositional mapping, and methods of electron tomography based on serial focal planes rather than tiltseries images are being developed. Meanwhile, the ready availability of routine electron tomography is yielding exciting discoveries in many fields. Other methods of tomography are being developed as well, including Xray microtomography, focused ion beam tomography, and atom probe tomography. These methods broaden the range of scales and applications of tomography. This year's symposium will allot increased time to contributed papers, and a wide variety of papers on both applications and technique development are anticipated.
24. Scanned Probe Microscopy and Nanoanalysis: Probing Properties at the Nanoscale
Organizers: Phil Russell and Marion StevensKalceff
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology research has both benefited from and led to the development of numerous Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and many others. SPM techniques provide nondestructive three dimensional, high spatial resolution, real space measurements (including images) of surfaces. High sensitivity information regarding local physical, electronic, magnetic and material properties can be obtained via detection of the local interactions between the probe and the specimen surface. Dynamic and nanoindentation techniques provide information about local mechanical properties. Nanometer scale modification of local surface properties and nanolithography is also achieved. The combination of near field light microscopy and force microscopy, in NearField Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM), allows optical spectroscopies on the nanoscale. Advances in SPM techniques and their application to a wide variety of disciplines including nanofabrication, biology, physics, semiconductor, polymer and materials science will be covered.
25. Variable Pressure Electron Microscopy: Advances in the Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Age
Organizers: Brendan Griffin and Eric Doehne
Variable pressure SEM applications continue to grow with major advances in reaching the resolution and image quality (signaltonoise) levels seen with high vacuum detectors in tungsten and field emission sourced SEM. We invite presentations specifically on core applications of (i) metrology of insulating (e.g., quartz) device templates, (ii) polymer and macromolecule imaging, and (iii) future paths for VPSEM, but all topics are welcome and will be considered for platform and poster presentations. Invited speakers will also address new technical developments and contrasts in biological samples.
26. Spectral Imaging: Advances and Applications
Organizers: Ian Anderson and Nick Wilson
Spectral imaging methods are gaining widespread usage across a variety of spectroscopy disciplines. The incorporation of spectral imaging capabilities into the software packages of a variety of spectrometer manufacturers is increasing the availability of these methods to the nonexpert end user. This symposium aims to highlight advances in spectral imaging and to promote interaction between expert and novice in this area of research. Invited contributions will highlight stateoftheart application of spectral imaging to select spectroscopies, such as EDX, EELS, and CL, as well as recent advances in spectral imaging analysis. Contributed papers are solicited on the application of spectral imaging methods to all microscopy and microanalysis techniques.
27. Advanced Detectors
Organizers: Colin MacRae and Dale Newbury
Significant advances in detector technology are occurring across the entire range of radiation of interest to the electron, ion, and photon beam analytical communities. This session will highlight these developments with emphasis on elemental and molecular microanalysis, including but not limited to: high speed light detection for fast cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping; silicon drift detectors (SDD) for Xray spectrometry and mapping above 100 kHz output count rate; wavelength dispersive Xray spectrometers (WDS) for operation in high vacuum and with greater efficiency; detectors for low energy electron spectroscopy; and optical detectors for photon microspectroscopies.
28. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Microscopy
Organizers: Nigel Browning and John Mansfield
The recent explosion of research into pumpprobe studies of the picosecond timedependence of chemical reactions has been based largely on laser pump and laser or synchrotron radiation interrogation techniques. The drive behind these advances is the potential observation of reaction pathways and intermediate metastable states in phase transformations, chemistry, and biology. Despite the huge potential for both the physical and the life sciences, much less attention has been given to approaches based on laserinduced and electron interrogation methods, despite the fact that electron sources are brighter, and their interactions with matter stronger. The aim of this symposium is to discuss the potential applications of the electron interrogation methods and the technical obstacles that need to be overcome to make these applications a reality. Submissions are encouraged by researchers working on all aspects of dynamic observations using electron sources, with particular emphasis being placed on ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy.
29. Advances in Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy
Organizers: Paul Midgley, Martin Saunders, and Mark Aindow
Over the last decade energyfiltered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) has grown from an esoteric technique used in only a few specialized laboratories to one of the most powerful and versatile methods available for microstructural analysis. The dramatic expansion in the usage of EFTEM can be ascribed to key developments in EFTEM instrumentation and techniques. There are now several designs of commercial energy filters available including postcolumn and incolumn omega or mandolinetype designs. Improvements have been made in the performance of each of these filter types recently by increasing collection angles and improving aberration correction giving enhanced spatial and spectral resolution. The range of EFTEM techniques has also grown from the early days of simple zeroloss filtering and highresolution chemical mapping to the emergence of a range of sophisticated analysis methods including fully quantitative analysis, tomographic imaging and the mapping of bonding or magnetization states. For this symposium, papers will be solicited covering all aspects of EFTEM instrumentation, techniques, and their application in the physical and biological sciences.
30. Characterizing the Limits of EBSD Analysis
Organizers: Joe Michael and Stuart Wright
In just a few years, electron backscatter diffraction has matured from a technique used by a few isolated experts to a relatively commonplace microananalysis tool in materials science laboratories around the world. Unfortunately, the various limitations of the technique are not always well understood. This symposium seeks presentations that address both the theoretical and practical limitations of EBSD analysis. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) various aspects of data collection such as angular resolution, spatial resolution, indexing reliability, pseudosymmetry problems and strain measurements. In addition, the limits associated with analyzing EBSD data in areas such as statistical reliability and data cleanup will be explored. Contributions are sought to supplement the invited presentations.
31. Advances in High-Resolution Electron Microscopy: A Symposium Dedicated to the Memory of John Maxwell Cowley
Organizer: Mike O'Keefe
This session is dedicated to the memory of John Cowley and his work in highresolution electron microscopy, which covered both TEM and STEM. The session includes a number of eminent invited speakers, many of whom worked with John Cowley at various times during his long and distinguished career. In addition, the session welcomes contributed platform and poster presentations covering two overlapping areas of highresolution electron microscopy. One area includes work on defining and overcoming current limits to TEM and STEM resolution caused by lens aberrations and source coherence, including hardware correction (Cs correctors applied to the probeforming STEM lens or TEM objective lens, Cc correctors and monochromators to improve coherence), and software correction using phaseretrieval techniques such as holography and focal series reconstruction. The other area covers novel techniques and their applications to materials and biological characterization. Presentations using subAngstrom electron microscopy to characterize nano materials in two and three dimensions are welcome.
32. Digital Imaging
Organizers: John Mackenzie, Steven Peltier, and James Bouwer
Digital imaging has replaced photography in most areas of scanning microscopy and in the majority of light microscopy applications. Replacing film in transmission electron microscopy has proved far more difficult due to the very high resolution of film and the limitations of scintillation technology. This symposium will focus on the current state of the digital approach in modern TEM. We will examine approaches that range from low cost work flows to the most advanced production systems to leading edge experimental designs. We encourage papers on both the acquisition of highresolution images for TEM and the use of digital computers to enhance the imaging, saving, and transmission of digital image data.
33. Recent Progress in 3D Microscopy Imaging
Organizer: Zhigang (Rick) Li
One of the important drawbacks in microscopy is that our images are twodimensional while the materials we are studying are always threedimensional. This severely limits our understanding of the microstructure of the samples. In recent years, 3D imaging techniques have been developed or significantly improved. Dual beam microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, electron tomography, Xray tomography, NMR and ultrasound imaging can generate 3D images for practical applications. It is believed that one of the most important advances in microscopy in the 21st century may be in the area of 3D imaging. Invited speakers will review the history, principles, performance, and practical limitations of these 3D imaging techniques. All papers concerning the development and applications of 3D imaging will be welcomed.
34. Microscopy and Imaging in the Digital Age
Organizer: Steve Barlow
Computer technology is changing the ways we access equipment, view samples, record, manage, and disseminate images. Inside the laboratory, computers and digital imaging have created a need for archiving systems, and for managing and manipulating images. They can also help produce digital tools to instruct new users. Outside the lab, computer controlled instruments and digital imaging make it possible for classroom students to view and analyze microscopy data and images without requiring a user to be physically in front of the microscope. In addition, digital imaging has greatly increased the ease and possibilities for the public at large to see microscopic images in print media and museum exhibitions. This session will look at computerized uses of microscopes (e.g., from virtual microscopes to telemicroscopy), new teaching tools (e.g., digital training) in research and teaching laboratories, and outreach programs for classrooms and other public venues.
35. Advances in Microstructural Characterization Techniques
Organizers: Milo Kral and F. C. Adams
There is a continuing development of methods capable of determining the composition and structure of complex heterogeneous materials, shallow surface layers, interfaces and heterogeneities on the mesoscopic (>100 nm) and nanoscale (<100 nm) level. This symposium will focus on unique, nonroutine applications of wellestablished techniques for analysis and characterization at high spatial resolution including 3D analysis, and on the development of new, advanced techniques based on, e.g., confined ion, electron or laser beams or synchrotron radiation, to gain new understanding of geological, biological, metallurgical as well as engineered materials that have special mechanical, electronic, magnetic or optical properties.
36. Metallographic Techniques and Applications
Organizers: Gabriel Lucas and Albert Brandemarte
Metallographic techniques are applied to virtually all known materials, not simply metals and their alloys. The growth in materials and processing technologies has produced many new challenges for the metallographer. This symposium will draw together metallographers working on a wide range of materials, produced by many different methods, to discuss their efforts at revealing and characterizing these microstructures. Characterization technologies in this symposium center on light microscopy but are open to virtually any technique.
37. Late Breaking Posters
Organizer: Bob Price
The late breaking poster session provides an avenue for presenting results not submitted before the February 15 paper submission deadline. Contributions for this session will be accepted until Friday, July 20, 2005. Late breaking poster submissions should address stateoftheart advances that have been made in all fields of microscopy. Title and a brief abstract should be submitted as a Word or PDF document to Price@med. sc.edu. Late breaking poster submissions will not appear in the proceedings, but will be announced through the meeting Daily Newsletter.
Focused Interest Groups
38. Vascular Corrosion Casting
Organizers: Fred E. Hossler and Seyedhossein Aharinejad
Since the early 1970s, vascular corrosion casting has provided a unique method for viewing, in 3D, the microvascular anatomy of various organs and tissues at the ultrastructural level. It has been useful in describing the unique distribution of fine vessels in a variety of normal tissues, as well as changes in the distribution of those vessels with the onset of disease or during development or regression of those tissues. Vascular casts have also lent themselves to simple and complex quantitative measurements of vascular volume, vessel size, and vessel branching. This session welcomes contributions from researchers using any aspect of corrosion casting, any related studies, or new applications of the method.
39. Microscopy, Microanalysis and Image Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Organizers: Barbara Hartman, Joe Neilly, and Bev Maleeff
Pharmaceutical research and development laboratories are at the forefront of science. Much of the work performed in pharmaceutical microscopy and microanalytical labs is similar to that done elsewhere; however, there are specialized technologies and themes that are of particular value to microscopists in the industry. It is the objective of this symposium to present a variety of biological and materials science applications of significance to the pharmaceutical community. Invited speakers will include current leaders in their respective disciplines. Additionally, in response to feedback from previous meetings, an informal forum will be provided for sharing of thoughts and strategies related to regulatory and other issues faced in our laboratories. Contributed papers for platform or poster presentation on related topics are encouraged and welcome.
40. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Organizers: Louis Terracio and Steve Eppell
Biomaterials and tissue engineering are at the interface of the emerging field of Regenerative Medicine. Cellbased therapies designed to reconstruct dysfunctional or damaged domains of organs and tissues are usually based on the successful recapitulation of the structure and function of the intact tissue. The logic justifying this approach is that structure and function are intimately associated; therefore, if one is able to recreate the structure, the necessary function should follow. The emphasis of this session will focus on the structural evaluation of both the starting biomaterials used in tissue engineering and also the final tissue engineered construct. Although the majority of techniques to be employed will be morphologic and microscopic such as microCT, Confocal, SEM, and TEM, the characterization of the tissue engineered constructs will also include various physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Meeting attendees are urged to contribute both platform and poster presentations to supplement the invited talks in the session.
41. FIB/Dual Platform Applications and Techniques in Biological and Physical Sciences
Organizers: Lucille A. Giannuzzi , Joe Michael
Focused ion beam (FIB) and dual platform (e.g., FIB + SEM) instruments are being routinely used for semiconductor applications, as well as in the physical and biological sciences, for specimen preparation, 2 and 3dimensional microstructural, elemental, and crystallographic analysis, and direct milling or deposition of structures for nanotechnology applications. Authors are encouraged to submit abstracts that discuss new applications, examples of applications suggested above, or technological advances of these or similar instruments.
42. Presidential Symposium: The Golden Anniversary of Imaging Atoms
Organizers: Tom Kelly, Dave Larson, Mike Miller, Inga Musselman, and Gracie Burke
On October 11, 1955, Mueller and Bahadur obtained images of individual tungsten atoms at the Pennsylvania State University using field ion microscopy. This was the first time in history that humans observed individual atoms. This symposium will review these developments and showcase all the areas where Mueller's group has had impact in microscopyrelated fields such as field emission, field ion microscopy, atom probe, field emission guns, LMIS and GFIS ion sources, and other technologies. Contributed papers on these topics will be used to complement the platform session of invited speakers and to form an associated poster session.
43. Materials Research in an Aberration-Free Environment
Organizers: C. Kisielowski, Chris Kiely, B. Kabius, Ray Phaneuf, and F. Ross
Aberration correction has caused a revolutionary progress in electron optics during the last decade. This progress has enabled advancements of experimental abilities and will continue generating new TEM, STEM, SEM, electron beam lithography, LEEM, PEEM, and FIB instrumentation. Consequently, novel experimental opportunities will emerge. The Focused Interest Group (FIG) on Materials Research in an AberrationFree Environment is a forum that highlights the rapid technological and scientific advances to a broader scientific community and promotes applications in biological, chemical, and materials sciences that relate to aberration corrected instrumentation. The FIG meeting will extend over two days and abstracts submitted by February 15th, 2005, will be part of the regular program. Considering the rapid evolution of this field, late submissions will be accommodated during a late breaking forum. session.
44. Core Facility Management
Organizer: Debbie Sherman
This session will focus on specific topics of current interest to managers of multiuser and service facilities in industrial and educational settings. It also serves as the main program for the Focused Interest Group on Facility Operations. Topics will be obtained through requests to the MSA Listserver and FIG membership. Facilitators will introduce each topic. The majority of the session will be reserved for open discussion and exchange of information among attendees.
Technologist's Forum Organizer: Cathy Johnson
45. Main Platform Session: Low Temperature Technologies for Electron Microscopy
Low temperature sample preparation and imaging techniques have had significant impact on both biological and materials studies. Cryoultramicrotomy, high pressure freezing, slam freezing, deep etching, rotary shadowing and freeze fracture are just some of the sample prep techniques that are being utilized to improve preparation of beam sensitive, hydrated or liquid samples such as emulsions and suspensions. TEM, SEM and Tomography are all methodologies now routinely performed at low temperatures or in the cryo mode. This symposium will encompass the use of these techniques for imaging these very difficult and nonconventional samples. Presentations will address how to get started in low temperature EM, as well as expected trends for the future.
46. Special Topics: The Art and Science of Forensic Testing: Fact vs. Fiction
Crime shows are experiencing an all time high in popularity. Their appeal is not based on interest in crime, but rather the public's escalating interest in forensic testing. Come join the Tech Forum as we explore the capabilities of today's forensic test lab. Our series of invited experts will present actual cases, and the testing that revealed the facts necessary to solve the crime.
47. Roundtable Discussion: Digital Imaging & TEM
Digital imaging is continually evolving and affecting every analysis performed by today's microscopist. This year's open forum will be a survey of digital imaging technology as it pertains to the latest developments and available hardware/software for TEM. The panelists will address issues such as acquisition (e.g., how to produce high quality images), current trends toward standardization in formats and processing, printing and archiving image data.
Contributed Sessions Organizers: The Program Executive Committee

Biological Sciences
48 Biological Sciences General
49 Biological Microanalysis
50 Biological Specimen Preparation
51 Biomaterials
52 Biomedical Applications
53 Biomimetics
54 Blood / Immunology
55 Botany
56 Cell Biology
57 Cytochemistry (Histochemistry, Immunochemistry, InSitu Hybridization)
58 Cytoskeleton
59 Developmental / Reproductive Biology
60 Entomology
61 Histology
62 Live Cell Imaging
63 Macromolecules
64 Microbiology
65 Microorganisms
66 Molecular Biology
67 Neurobiology
68 Parasitology
69 Pathology
70 Structural Biology
71 Ultrastructure (Cells, Tissues, & Organ Systems)
72 Vascular Corrosion Casting
Physical Sciences
73 Physical Sciences General
74 Amorphous Materials
75 Catalysts
76 Ceramics
77 Composites
78 Ferroelectrics
79 Films / Coatings
80 Geology / Mineralogy
81 Interfaces
82 Magnetic and Superconducting Materials
83 Metals and Alloys
84 Modulated Structures
85 Nanostructured materials
86 Nanotechnology
87 Oxidation / Corrosion
88 Particle Analysis
89 Pharmaceuticals
90 Phase Transformations
91 Polymers
92 Porous Materials
93 Radiation Effects in Materials
94 SelfAssembly
95 Semiconductors
96 Specimen Preparation for Materials Sciences
97 Surfaces
Advances in Instrumentation and Techniques
98 Advances in Instrumentation and Technique General
99 Instrumentation Performance & Development
100 Electron Optics and Aberration Correction
101 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
102 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
103 Electron Holography
104 HighResolution Electron Microscopy (HREM)
105 Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM)
106 Electron EnergyLoss Spectroscopy (EELS) /EnergyFiltered TEM (EFTEM)
107 Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED)
108 Insitu TEM
109 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
110 Lowvoltage SEM
111 Variable Pressure SEM (VPSEM/ESEM)
112 Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)
113 Xray Spectrometry
114 Quantitative Xray Microanalysis
115 Spectral Imaging
116 Xray Imaging, Diffraction and Spectroscopy
117 Crystallography
118 Tomographic Methods
119 Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
120 Surface Analysis techniques
121 Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy (APFIM)
122 Scanned Probe Microscopy (SPM)
123 Metallography and Metallographic SpecimenPreparation
124 Stereology
125 Optical (Light) Microscopy
126 Confocal Microscopy
127 Multi Photon Excitation Microscopy
128 Optical Fluorescence Microscopy
129 Infrared and Raman Microscopy and Microanalysis
130 Molecular Spectroscopy
131 Correlative Microscopy
132 Combinatorial Methods
133 Cryogenic Techniques and Methods
134 Invivo Imaging
135 Digital Image Acquisition, Processing, and Analysis
136 Computational Methods
137 Remote Microscopy and Collaboration
138 Education in Microscopy and Microanalysis
139 Failure Analysis
140 Forensic Science
141 Industrial "Real World" Microscopy
142 Quality Systems and Standards
143 Technologists' Forum
144 Core Facility Management
145 User Facilities
146 Corporate Session
Biological Tutorials
Organizer: Maryann Martone
Confocal Microscopy System Performance: Spectroscopy and Foundations for Quantitation
Instructor: Robert Zucker
The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) has enormous potential in many bioloical fields. The goal of a CLSM is to acquire and in some intruments acquire spectral characterization of the emitted signal. The accuracy of these measurements demands that the system be in alignment, with stable laser power and spectral registration. For many applications, it is useful to confirm the system's spatial resolution, sensitivity and precision prior to acquiring image data. The most common method to check the performance of a CLSM system is to characterize a histological slide to create a "pretty picture". We have developed tests to replace this subjective method with objective measurements of field illumination, lens function and clarity, spectral registration, total laser power, laser stability, dichroic reflectance, axial resolution, scanning stability, overall machine stability, and system noise. We developed additional tests to measure spectral performance to serve as guidelines for investigators to assess both the performance of their instruments as well as the quality of their data.
Computational Tools for Interpreting Electron Tomograms
Instructor: Neils Volkmann
To understand the function of biological macromolecules in their cellular context, it is essential to link highresolution information with cell biology. We will discuss a number of computational tools that assist in bridging the gap between the information coming from atomic structures of individual macromolecules and higherorder structural entities obtained by electron tomography. Examples include detection of macromolecular footprints, autosegmentation approaches, docking of crystallographic structures, and noisereduction algorithms.
Quantum Dots as Cellular Probes for Light and Electron Microscopy
Instructor: Thomas Deerinck
Nanocrystals composed of cadmium selenide coated with zinc sulfide, also referred to as quantum dots, are becoming increasingly attractive as probes for cellular localization of proteins owing to their unique optical properties. Quantum dots exhibit exceptional photostability, high absorbance and fluorescent quantum yields, as well as narrow band fluorescence emission, making them excellent for immunofluorescence. Quantum dots can be synthesized in a variety of distinct shapes and sizes in order to tune their fluorescence emission over the visible spectrum, making them ideal for multiple labeling studies. An additional benefit is that not only can they be visualized in the electron microscope, but that the different shapes and sizes can be easily discriminated from each other, making correlated multiple labeling at the light and EM level possible. This tutorial will cover the application of quantum dot bioconjugates for labeling of proteins in cells and tissues using confocal, 2 photon and electron microscopy.
Physical Science Tutorials
Organizer: Peter Crozier
In-Situ Electron Microscopy: a Practical Tutorial
Instructor: Eric A. Stach
Advances in imaging and diffraction techniques, sample preparation methods and new holder developments have created substantial interest in dynamic electron microscopy. This tutorial will present a general overview of the various categories of insitu electron microscopy studies (both tried and true as well as cutting edge developments), with an emphasis on the classes of materials science problems that can be solved with each approach. As a technique, insitu TEM studies in particular can suffer from unwanted artifacts introduced by the thin foil geometry - as a result, I will discuss various sample preparation and experimental strategies that can be used to minimize (but not entirely mitigate) these concerns. Additional emphasis will be placed on such practical concerns as temperature measurement and calibration and rapid data analysis from video captures.
Improved Electron Microscopy with Monte Carlo Simulations Instructor: Raynald Gauvin
This tutorial will review the principles of Monte Carlo simulations to perform Xray microanalysis in the SEM and in the TEM. Image simulation of BSE images in the SEM will also be covered. Emphasis will be on two free commercial software packages, Casino and Win Xray that can be used to perform quantitative Xray microanalysis as well as to find optimum conditions for analysis and imaging of various types of materials. The utility of Monte Carlo simulations to characterize nonhomogeneous materials in the SEM will be covered. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations for the effect of the skirt on Xray microanalysis in the ESEM or VPSEM will be presented.
What is Fluctuation Electron Microscopy?
Instructor: Michael Treacy

Fluctuation Electron Microscopy (FEM) has become an effective tool for detecting medium range atomic ordering in glasses and amorphous materials. Success arises from the statistical approach of examining differences in scattering between small volumes. Whereas the mean scattering properties are related to the mean diffracted intensity, the variance of the scattering properties reveals the underlying structural fluctuations. By examining the variance as a function of scattering conditions, structural "noise" (true random fluctuations) can be differentiated from the underlying structural trends.
Theory and Applications of Focal-Series Reconstruction in HRTEM
Instructor: Andreas Thust
Focal-series reconstruction has proven to be a valuable tool for the investigation of materials on an atomic level by means of HRTEM. By taking a series of typically 1020 high resolution images at different objective lens defocus values, one can retrieve numerically the quantum mechanical wavefunction of the electrons at the exit surface of the object. The retrieved wavefunction is ideally free from all imaging artifacts caused by the observation instrument and yields, at least for sufficiently thin samples, a direct insight into the object structure. The technique of focalseries reconstruction can also be used to completely remove the nonlinear contrast contributions to the images and compensate aposteriori for unwanted residual optical aberrations. This makes the technique a powerful tool even when combined with the newest generation of sphericalaberration corrected microscopes. Applications from a variety of very different materials classes are now available demonstrating the impact of the reconstruction technique.
Joint Tutorials
Building Order in Large Image Data Sets: Classification Techniques at Work!
Instructor: Jose Maria Carazo
Information integration is at the basis of almost any data analysis task. Stated simply, the image data sets are either too complex, large or numerous to keep working without tools to automatically extract new knowledge. One of the most basic approaches in this knowledge extraction quest is the use of classification techniques. In essence, the goal is to place an order upon the data such that we group together into "baskets" those elements that are similar to one another, in such a way that the differences among the elements from different baskets are larger than that between the elements in any particular basket. The elements to be grouped may be complete images showing, for instance, different structural conformations of a given macromolecular nanomachine or they could be, in a totally different context, similar pixels within one or a series of images of an alloy taken at different energy intervals. In this joint tutorial, we will cover basic data reduction and classification techniques such as principal component analysis, Kmeans, dendrograms and self-organizing neural networks. The motivation for these techniques is to discover order and pattern in our imaging data so that we will be in a much better position to advance in the understanding of complex systems.
Ask The Experts
Organizer: Scott Walck, Mike Marko

Environmental Electron Microscopy
This session will cover the topics of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM and VPSEM) and environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM). Experts from each of these disciplines will be available to discuss issues and problems with the use of these techniques for various fields of work, including instrumentation concerns, analysis, sample preparation, in-situ dynamic experimentation, gas-material inter actions, catalysis, cold and hot stage experimentation, signal detection, and new developments in the field. This Ask-the-Expert topic will complement several symposia and short courses. The direction the session takes will be primarily determined by the audience participation but very timely and lively discussions between audience members and the panel of experts are typical and expected. The panel for the ESEM portion consists of Eric Doehne, Brendan Griffin, and John Mansfield. The panel for the ETEM portion consists of Edward Boyes, Peter Crozier, Pratibha Gai, and Frances Ross.

Photoshop
Instructor: John Mackenzie
This session will focus on presenting and discussing the use of Photoshop in scientific digital imaging in the biological and physical sciences. Although most scientific groups are familiar with the basics of Photoshop, this expert's session will build on that basic knowledge and focus on more advanced aspects of digital imaging with Photoshop. The session will be mediated by John Mackenzie who has presented numerous workshops and short courses on digital imaging and participated in the development of MSA's statement on ethics in digital imaging.

3-D Visualization Using Amira
 Instructor: Patrick Barthelemy
Amira is fast becoming one of the most popular 3-D visualization & data analysis packages used in microscopy. For light microscopy, Amira provides deconvolution for improving image fidelity in widefield and confocal microscopy. For electron tomography and single-particle reconstruction, Amira provides support for import of both static and dynamic molecular data, e.g. from the PDB. Patrick Barthelemy will demonstrate the use of Amira for pre-processing and image editing, segmentation and labeling, surface and volume rendering, skeletonization, registration of datasets from different modalities, and the generation of animated movies. Mr. Barthelemy will briefly describe how Amira's developers' package can be used to customize visualization protocols, and he will be happy to answer questions from current, future, and potential users of Amira.



Nestor J. Zaluzec / zaluzec@microscopy.com